靳东疑暗讽金星
Polish opposition leader Tusk declares win after exit poll shows ruling conservatives lose majority_我的网站
A | 最近打算蹲二手小米手机捡漏的差友，托尼强烈建议你们先缓一缓。 倒不是最近二手小米手机涨价了，也不是哪款机型爆了什么大雷，而是小米官方最近更改了售后规则，跟平时喜欢买二手手机的人关系还真不小。
B | 起因是有眼尖的用户发现，小米调整了自家的「服务价格及服务政策」：在 " 非保修条款 " 下辖的 " 不属于三包范围 " 一栏里，明晃晃多了一条 —— 产品属于二手商品。 按照这份条款的字面意思，一台被认定为二手商品的小米手机，后续再去走官方保修，可能就会被划进保外，哪怕机器本身还没过原来的保修期限，维修也可能需要自己掏钱。
C | WARSAW, Poland -- Polish opposition leader Donald Tusk declared the beginning of a new era for his country after opposition parties appeared to have won enough votes in Sunday's parliamentary election to oust the governing nationalist conservative party.That party, Law and Justice, has bickered with allies and faced accusations of eroding rule of law at home in its eight years in power. It appeared that voters were mobilized like never before, voting in even greater numbers than when the nation ousted the communist authorities in 1989. In some places people were still in line when polling officially closed, but all were allowed to vote. If the result predicted by an exit poll holds, Law and Justice won but also lost. It got more seats than any other party but not enough to be able to lead a government that can pass laws in the legislature. The Ipsos exit poll suggested that Law and Justice obtained 200 seats. Its potential partner, the far-right Confederation got 12 seats, a showing the party acknowledged was a defeat.It also showed that three opposition parties have likely won a combined 248 seats in the 460-seat lower house of parliament, the Sejm. The largest of the groups is Civic Coalition, led by Tusk, a former prime minister and former European Union president. It won 31.6% of votes, the exit poll said. “I have been a politician for many years. I’m an athlete. Never in my life have I been so happy about taking seemingly second place. Poland won. Democracy has won. We have removed them from power,” Tusk told his cheering supporters.“This result might still be better, but already today we can say this is the end of the bad time, this is end of Law and Justice rule," Tusk added.Law and Justice leader Jaroslaw Kaczynski acknowledged the ambiguous result. He told supporters at his headquarters that his party’s result, at nearly 37% of the vote, according to the exit poll, was a success, making it the party to win the most votes for three parliamentary elections in a row. “We must have hope and we must also know that regardless of whether we are in power or in the opposition, we will implement this (political) project in various ways and we will not allow Poland to be betrayed," Kaczynski said.If the result holds, and Law and Justice is the single party with the most seats, then it would most likely get the first chance to try to build a government.It falls to President Andrzej Duda, who is an ally of Law and Justice, to tap a party to try to form a government.Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki said on Polsat News that Duda “will entrust the mission of forming the government to the winning party and in this first step we will certainly try to build a parliamentary majority."Three opposition parties, Tusk's Civic Coalition, Third Way and the New Left, ran on separate tickets but with the same promises of seeking to oust Law and Justice and restore good ties with the European Union.Wlodzimierz Czarzasty, a leader of the Left party, vowed to work with the others to “create a democratic, strong, reasonable and predictable government.”Katarzyna Pelczynska-Nalecz, the head of election campaign for Third Way, called it a “huge day for our democracy.”Votes were still being counted and the state electoral commission says it expects to have final results by Tuesday morning.At stake are the health of the nation’s constitutional order, its legal stance on LGBTQ+ rights and abortion, and the foreign alliances of a country that has been a crucial ally to Ukraine after Russia launched its full-scale invasion.LGBTQ+ rights activist Bart Staszewski called it the end of a “nightmare” for himself as a gay man and others.“This is just the beginning of reclaiming of our country. The fight is ahead but we are breathing fresh air today,” Staszewski said.Environmental activist Dominika Lasota was emotional with relief, saying “we have our future.”Law and Justice has eroded checks and balances to gain more control over state institutions, including the courts, public media and the electoral process itself.During the campaign many Poles described the vote as the most important one since 1989, when a new democracy was born after decades of communism.Turnout Sunday appeared to be even higher than the 63% of voters who turned out for the 1989 election that led to the ouster of the communists. Despite many uncertainties ahead, what appeared certain was that support for the governing party has shrunk since the last election in 2019 when it won nearly 44% of the vote, its popularity dented by high inflation, allegations of cronyism and bickering with European allies.There is a high level of state ownership in the Polish economy, and the governing party has built up a system of patronage, handing out thousands of jobs and contracts to its loyalists. A political change could open the way for the EU to release billions of euros in funding that has been withheld over what the EU viewed as democratic erosion.Piotr Buras, of the European Council of Foreign Relations, said the opposition had gained from “growing fatigue” with the government among Poles, "beyond the groups usually supporting the liberals.” The fate of Poland's relationship with Ukraine was also at stake. The Confederation party campaigned on an anti-Ukraine message, accusing the country of lacking gratitude to Poland for its help in Russia's war. Its poor showing will be a relief for Kyiv.A referendum on migration, the retirement age and other issues was held simultaneously. Some government opponents called on voters to boycott the referendum, saying it was an attempt by the government to galvanize its supporters. Many voters were seen refusing to take part in the referendum.___Associated Press journalists Kwiyeon Ha, Pietro De Cristofaro and Rafal Niedzielski contributed to this report.。
D | 啥叫 " 二手商品 "？ 小米官方的定义也写得很明白：用户购买时为非全新的产品、从闲置资源交流社区或者其他二手平台购买的产品，以及经过回收的产品，都属于这一范围。 这还没完。 小米在 " 只换不修 "、" 电池保 " 这些增值服务里，也有一条类似的条款：只要手机经历过官方或者非官方平台的回收、转售，哪怕是送人、转交给第三方使用，对应权益也会作废。
E | 看到这里，估计有些老玩家会觉得，这好像也不算什么新鲜事。 毕竟过去拿二手小米去官方售后，本来就不是次次都能顺利走保修，很多网点早就开始卡购机发票、核对购买人信息了，发票抬头对不上，还是有概率会被要求补充材料或者拒保。 黑猫投诉有关小米拒保二手机案例： 但托尼得说，这次还真不一样。 以前这种情况，更多还是落在具体网点怎么执行，运气好碰到只查 IMEI 的网点，只要机器在保、非人为损坏，没准直接就给你修了 —— 说白了，多少还有点碰运气的成分在里边。 现在这句话被直接写进了正式的服务政策里，以后再去售后，人家连跟你扯皮的必要都没有，指着 “ 二手商品不属三包范围 ” 的官方条款就能把你打发了，连商量的余地都没给留。 小米商城人工客服，关于质保回复： 这事发酵到现在，大伙讨论得最集中的疑问自然是：小米这么干，不违法吗 —— 诶，单从法律条文上来说，你还真挑不出小米这么做有啥问题。 我们常说的手机 “ 三包 ”，核心依据是《 移动电话机商品修理更换退货责任规定 》，这里面写得很清楚：承担三包义务的第一责任人，是销售者 —— 也就是谁卖给你的，你找谁。 你从小米商城、小米之家买全新机，销售方是小米，那小米就得给你兜底三包，但问题是，你从闲鱼个人卖家手里收二手机，这笔交易的卖家是个人，并不是小米。 虽然商务部于 2013 年正式施行的《旧电器电子产品流通管理办法》，里面第十三条确实写了：旧电器电子产品仍在三包有效期内的，经营者应当依法履行三包责任。
F | 但这里的 “ 经营者 ”，指的是专门从事二手电器经营的商家，比如转转、爱回收这种二手商家。
G | 换句话说：买一手商品、从回收公司买二手商品都可以享受三包，这两个渠道的三包责任是有明确规定和要求的。
H | 但是个人之间倒腾闲置，真要掰扯起来确实没有合适的 “ 经营主体 ”，之前行业默认二手在保能走官方保修，更多是约定俗成的惯例，不是法律强制要求。 众所周知，大企业都是有法务的，小米这次修订的售后条款肯定是合法合规的，我们都能找到的条例小米不可能找不到。 但问题是，别的手机厂商都是怎么做的呢？ 托尼特意去翻了一圈主流品牌的售后政策，目前不管是苹果、华为，还是 OPPO、vivo、荣耀，还没有第二家手机厂商把 “ 二手商品不予保修 ” 白纸黑字写进自家的官方条款里。 苹果是出了名的跟机不跟人，全球联保只认序列号，只要是正品、在保、无人为损坏私拆，都能正常受理，虽然个别情况会要求出示购机凭证，但人家从来没说过二手商品不保修。 华为不仅基础保修随机器走，自己还下场做官方认证二手机，回收检测翻新一条龙，卖出去还带一年官方保修。 剩下几家国产品牌也大差不差，基础三包跟着 IMEI 走，认机不认人，顶多是碎屏险、延保这类付费增值服务不支持随设备过户，但最基础的质量保修，从来不会因为你是二手买家就直接拒之门外。 至少在各家官网的公开条款里，把 " 二手商品不属于三包范围 " 写得这么决绝的，小米目前确实是独一份。 OPPO 产品服务政策： 可能有人会纳闷：好好跟着行业惯例走不行吗，就你小米搞特殊？ 站在厂商角度，其实也不难理解，二手机最大的麻烦，就是使用经历很难完全查清楚，机器转过几手、摔没摔过、进没进水、是否做过非官方维修，很多问题到售后这边已经很难溯源。 私拆和人为损坏本来就不在保修范围内，但真要一台台检测、判断责任，照样会带来不少售后成本。 再加上二手市场过去确实存在利用保修规则套利的灰色操作，苹果当年就曾被 “ 换机党 ” 折腾得够呛，小米现在直接把二手商品划出三包范围，客观上也能堵掉一部分这类套利空间。 当然了，这些都只是基于行业常态的合理推测，官方到底是出于哪些考量拍板的，只有小米自己心里有数~ 看到这儿，估计有差友要说了：我又不买二手机，这事儿跟我没关系。 这话对也不对，虽说现在像爱回收、转转这类专业回收平台，给安卓机估价时本来就不怎么看重剩余保修，核心还是看成色、配置和有没有拆修进水，但你总有用腻换机、挂二手回血的那天吧？ 同样一台准新机，带不带官方保修，个人买家愿意出的价完全是两码事，等二手小米没有官方保修成了市场共识，以后手机残值必然会跳水，买家知道买回去没官方兜底，自然不肯出高价。
I | 等于你买新机时一分钱没少花，卖二手机的时候却要凭空折价，这笔成本，兜兜转转最后还是平摊到了每一个小米用户头上 —— 而要我说最亏的，还得是已经入手了准新机的差友。 当初买二手图的就是比全新机便宜，还有官方保修，结果服务规则一改，剩下的保修期形同虚设，省下来的这笔钱，要是赶上一次主板故障、屏幕开胶之类的质量问题，就得全吐回去。 更离谱的是 " 只换不修 "、" 电池保 " 这些服务权益里的 " 赠予或转交第三方使用 "。 托尼就想问一句：我把换下来的手机给爸妈用，这算不算转交第三方使用？真按条款字面死抠，连家人之间换个手机用，或者买台手机给家人，自带的增值服务都能直接给搞没了？ 就正常给家人用、转赠给朋友而已，官方权益直接跟着作废，这搁谁身上都觉得有点说不过去（ 托尼问了小米客服，客服对这事儿倒是没有彻底说死 ）。 最后说句实在的，我们从来没要求小米做慈善，也没说二手机该跟全新机享受完全一样的待遇。 但解决问题的办法明明有很多，比如可以要求二手买家提供完整购机凭证核验来源，可以严格检测排除人为损坏再进行保修，也可以规定增值服务不转让、但原有的基础三包保留。
J | 目前来看，小米的选择是 “ 严定规则，灵活执行 ” —— 规则当然可以这么定，售后执行起来也更轻松了，但用户买不买账，就是另一回事了。
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