A | Some three million Vietnamese were affected by direct contact with dioxin in that decade.,14% of the territory of South Vietnam was exposed to this toxin, causing severe consequences for the land and nature. Five thousand square kilometers of mangrove forests were almost completely destroyed; about 10,000 square kilometers of jungle and more than a thousand square kilometers of lowland forests were affected. American troops destroyed 70% of the coconut plantations and 60% of the Gewea plantations; they also changed the ecological balance of Vietnam.,The affected areas lost 18 out of 150 bird species; nearly all amphibians and insects disappeared; the number of fish in rivers decreased, and their composition changed. The microbiological composition of soils was disturbed. Changes in the fauna resulted in the replacement of black rats, which are safe for humans, with other species that were plague carriers. Alterations in the mosquito species composition led to the introduction of malaria-carrying ones. Dioxin: A Permanently Exploding Bomb The large-scale US use of chemical warfare in Vietnam lasted until late 1971. But this war was not over for Vietnam itself, said Professor Andrei Kuznetsov, director general of the Russian Division of the Joint Russo-Vietnamese Research and Technology Tropical Center, in an interview with Sputnik.,“This is because dioxins, once inside the human body, begin to work like an HIV infection. If a person is completely healthy, they do not affect him. As soon as the human immune system weakens and any disease begins, dioxins immediately get integrated into the disease chains and start working in their own way. No one knows just how. They can cause cancer, damage to the liver, skin, respiratory system, and much more. Dioxin pathology is very diverse. And the most tragic thing is that it is inherited through mother's milk. More than a million and a half Vietnamese in the three postwar generations have suffered from it. For an extremely long time, for many generations, dioxins will continue to be passed on from women to their children. Moreover, there is no minimum permissible dose for dioxins,” says Andrei Kuznetsov.,Today, Vietnam faces the ever-present threat that children will be born with a wide variety of defects. To this day, several villages there are closed to the public, where children are born into families with various deformities. There are several specialized boarding schools where children with genetic defects live. Scientists from different countries have been studying the effects of dioxin on soil for a long time, but only in temperate and northern climates. No one has studied its impact in the tropics. There have been no studies on what happens when dioxin molecules enter the soil under tropical conditions, continued Professor Kuznetsov.,“The Joint Russo-Vietnamese Research and Tropical Technology Center is the first and only one to address this issue. It was commonly believed that dioxin molecules were insoluble. Supposedly, humus binds them and they remain in the top layer of the soil. One could bulldoze or even shovel it and burn it. But it turns out that things are different in the tropics. Dioxin molecules bind with various acids in the soil, forming new dioxin-containing molecules that become water-soluble and water-permeable. They mix with rainfall streams, sink into the soil, get transported by subsurface water, and subsequently enter wells, lakes, rivers, and seas hundreds of kilometers away from where they were sprayed. This situation persists in Vietnam to this day. There are several ‘hot spots’; places where, during the aggression, the Americans stored barrels with chemical agents. When they left Vietnam, they shot these barrels with large-caliber machine guns and left them there. For example, this happened in Da Nang, which was one of the largest US military bases. And the same happened at the US military base in Bien Hoa. These two former bases are still the largest and scariest hotbeds of contamination,” said Andrei Kuznetsov.,The expert also noted that the Americans recently have conducted a demonstrative action in Da Nang – and have now begun it in Bien Hoa – to decontaminate the soil to a depth of two meters in those places where barrels with warfare agents were stored. But they don`t check the level of dioxin contamination even within the radius of 200-300 meters from the storage sites. Meanwhile, subsurface water transports pesticides far beyond those limits.,The Mission of Joint Tropical Center The Joint Russo-Vietnamese Research and Technology Tropical Center has been studying the consequences of the US chemical war in Vietnam since its founding. In fact, it was established precisely for this work, noted Professor Kuznetsov.,“We were tasked with determining whether contact with dioxin leads to genetic changes in humans and has a detrimental effect on soil, flora, and fauna. Our conclusion - yes, it does. The results of our work were published and reported to the leadership of Vietnam’s Ministry of National Defense and Ministry of Health, together with our scientific and practical recommendations on combating various dioxin-related effects. At the same time, we noted that the most effective, global way to prevent dioxins from damaging people is to take maximum care of their health. That is, Vietnam needs to invest much more in health care than countries that have not been exposed to this toxic chemical. We cannot yet say when the effects of US chemical warfare will cease in Vietnam. After all, Vietnam is the first and only country to have been exposed to such massive amounts of poisonous substances,” Kuznetsov concluded.。 近日，“奔驰女司机碾压儿童后驶离”事件引关注，目前被碾压男童仍处于重度昏迷。家属称：医院已下病危通知。 据报道，近日，有网友发布视频称，山西保德县某小区一奔驰车辆碾压小孩后离开现场，引发关注。 据视频显示，一辆黑色奔驰SUV疑似正在掉头，其右前轮碾压到一儿童，随后该奔驰车继续倒车，孩子再次被碾压，车辆停留几秒后驶离，另一儿童出门查看。 据保德县融媒体中心消息，该县公安局交通警察大队通报称，4月3日13时45分许，代某某（女）驾驶陕K43G33号奔驰越野车在保德县东关镇沙沟小区2号院内，碰撞碾压蹲在院内玩耍的儿童王某某（6周岁）、马某某（9周岁），造成王某某、马某某受伤。事故发生后代某某驾车驶离现场。 目前，王某某轻微受伤，正在山西省儿童医院留院观察，马某某伤势较重正在陕西省榆林市第二人民医院救治。代某某已投案接受调查，案件在进一步取证调查中。 事故过去已半个月，九岁的马皓依然处于重度昏迷之中，躺在榆林市第二人民医院的重症监护室内。王鸿的父亲告诉记者，他的孩子只是轻伤，“腹部、背部压伤，腿部肌肉损伤，但妹夫家的孩子（马皓）就严重了，颅脑损伤，肺也压坏了，肋骨也断了。” 然而让王先生气愤的是，事故发生后肇事司机方只来看望过孩子一次，此后就再也没有联系过，“我们想见他也只能和交警那边联系。”更令王先生想不通的是，事故发生过去半个月了，事故责任认定却迟迟没有出来，“找过交警好几次都是说证据不全，事故视频那么清楚，全国人民都看到了但就是给不出来（责任认定书）。”马皓情况不容乐观 随后大皖新闻记者又联系到马皓的父亲。此刻的马旭依然在重症监护室外守候，希望能够等来奇迹，“上午医生和我谈过了，让我们随时准备孩子可能就没了。”马旭称，事发后孩子就一直在重症监护室内，每天只有下午3点进去探视十几分钟，“一直处于重度昏迷，全靠仪器维持生命体征，今天情况更差了，下午也不允许再探视了。” 除了悲痛，肇事司机的态度也让马旭感到无比的愤怒，“（肇事司机）从来没有和我们接触，也没有看望过孩子，她现在已经正常在外面生活，我的孩子却躺在重症监护室里随时可能没了。”马旭告诉记者，事故责任认定书到现在也没有出，“我和老婆在这守着孩子，家里老人一边凑医疗费一边也是替我们天天往交警队跑。”马皓的病例医院下达的病危通知书 随后，大皖新闻记者联系到处理该事故的保德县公安局交通警察大队王某，对方表示采访请与宣传部门联系。18日下午4点，大皖新闻记者致电保德县委宣传部，一工作人员声称现在都在开会很忙不方便，“等都完了再说吧。”下午5点前后，记者再次拨打了保德县委宣传部电话，多次被对方挂断。 （中国小康网综合南方都市报、大皖新闻、新京报）。
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